An independent reviewer said in one victim's case "financial interests were allowed to impact practice".

The Church said it aimed to separate pastoral care from insurance issues.

'Moral responsibility'

Gilo - a middle-aged man who lives in the south-west of England - told the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme he had been raped in the early 1970s by a City of London clergyman, the Reverend Garth Moore.

Gilo - whose surname he has asked us not to use - said he had made more than 20 attempts to contact senior members of the Church after his decision to report the assaults, but often received no reply.

When the Church finally examined his claim, it agreed it was at fault and reached a financial settlement with him of £35,000 on the advice of Ecclesiastical.

But the Church then cut contact, including emotional support - or pastoral care - with Gilo, for which he blames the insurer.

The company insists this was not a result of its advice.

Gilo told the BBC: "I think because of the relationship that the Church has with the insurers, the pastoral response is so fused with the legal response it's really effectively led by the insurers.

"When that insurer has got such significant presence of senior clerics on its board across the years, then you're into an area of moral responsibility."

Ecclesiastical has had a string of senior members of clergy on its board of directors.

The company said this was normal business practice because the Church of England was one of its major customers, and the clergy were non-executive directors.

Child safeguarding specialist Ian Elliott says there is a conflict between the insurer's advice and the responsibilities of the Church

Ian Elliott, a child safeguarding specialist who conducted an independent review of Gilo's case, echoed the victim's criticism of Ecclesiastical.

He said the insurer's advice had "directly conflicted" with the pastoral and compassionate responsibilities of the Church.

"That's not the direction or advice that is compliant with a compassionate pastoral response which is the stated policy of the Church," he added.

But Ecclesiastical's compliance director, John Titchener, said he had not been asked to contribute to Mr Elliott's review of Gilo's case.

He said: "The report is based on factual inaccuracies and we have been absolutely clear, before and after, that pastoral care and counselling can and should continue in parallel with an insurance claim which is a separate matter."

The Church of England, which accepted the criticisms in Mr Elliott's review in full, said it disagreed with the company.

"The Archbishop [of Canterbury] has very clearly... accepted all those recommendations," the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Rt Rev Peter Hancock, said.

Abuse victim Teresa Cooper says the Church is "without a doubt fully involved" in Ecclesiastical

Ecclesiastical has also been criticised over the settlement of claims by former residents of Kendall House, the Church of England children's home in Kent where girls were drugged and abused in the 1960s, 70s and 80s.

A former resident, Teresa Cooper, told the programme she wanted an investigation into the involvement of Church figures in settlements.

"Even if they're not legally part of it, the Church are without a doubt fully involved in the Ecclesiastical insurance company," she added.

Mr Titchener said the settlement of claims relating to Kendall House would be looked at as part of the long-running Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse.

The Church of England's responses to complaints of historical abuse have provoked some calls for responsibility for safeguarding to be removed from its ruling bishops, and instead given to an independent organisation.

A Church of England spokeswoman said: "The Church of England is absolutely committed to its pastoral response to alleged victims and survivors and published new guidance in 2015 emphasising that this needs to be separated as far as possible from the management processes for the situation, and from legal and insurance responses.

"That superseded all previous advice and ensures that the pastoral needs of survivors must never be neglected and pastoral contact can continue whatever legal issues exist. "

END